The production system of cut-rose (Rosa × hybrida) involves a complex combination of plant material, management practice and environment. Using XL programming, Buck-Sorlin et al. present a 3-D structural–functional model for the system that allows the creation of a wide range of initial structures thanks to simple interactive rules for pruning, cutting and bending. The model is able to reproduce PAR measurements taken at different canopy positions, times of the day and under different light regimes, and is able to predict local (per leaf) light absorption and photosynthesis.
