A review of the current state of knowledge about plant defences highlights insights into herbivore adaptations that allow them to cope with these defences.
Results suggest that the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis enables C. obovata to survive unfavourable field conditions.
A novel fernlike taxon, Shougangia bella, is identified from the Late Devonian that has laminate leaves on higher orders of vegetative and fertile branches.